@article {33519, title = {Introduced Pheidole of the world: taxonomy, biology and distribution}, journal = {ZooKeys}, volume = {543}, year = {2015}, month = {Sep-12-2015}, pages = {1 - 109}, abstract = {

The objective of this study is to provide a detailed taxonomic resource for identifying and studying ants in the genus Pheidole that have established beyond their native ranges. There is an increasing need for systematists to study taxa of specific concern to 21st century environmental, food security and public health challenges. Systematics has an important role to play in both the theoretical and applied disciplines of invasion biology. Few invaders impact terrestrial ecosystems more than ants. Among the world\’s 100 worst invasive species is the cosmopolitan and highly destructive Pheidole megacephala (Fabricius). Accurate identification of P. megacephala is imperative for the success of screening, management and eradication programs designed to protect native ecosystems from the impacts of this destructive species. However, accurate identification of Pheidole species is difficult because of their taxonomic diversity, dimorphic worker caste and lack of taxonomic resources. We include illustrated keys along with the taxonomic history, taxonomic diagnoses, biological notes and risk statements for the 14 most invasive members of the genus. Global distribution maps based on over 14,000 specimen and literature records are presented for each species. These results of this work will facilitate identification of pest species, determination of climatic and habitat requirements, discovery of pest origins, horizon scanning and assessment of invasion pathways. The following new synonym is proposed, with the senior synonym listed first and the junior synonyms in parentheses: Pheidole indica Mayr (= P. teneriffana Forel, and its synonyms P. taina Aguayo and P. voeltzkowii Forel). Pheidole navigans Forel stat. rev., stat. nov. is removed from synonymy and elevated to species rank. We propose that records of P. moerens Forel outside of the Mesoamerica and the Caribbean refer instead to P. navigans or other heterospecific taxa in the P. flavens species complex. We propose that the names P. anastasii Emery and P. floridana Emery have been widely misapplied to North American outdoor records of P. bilimeki Mayr. We propose that the synonymy of P. lauta Wheeler be transferred from P. floridana Emery to P. bilimeki Mayr.

}, keywords = {applied systematics, big-headed ant, identification key, Invasive ants, Invasive species, Lucid key, Pheidole megacephala, port of entry, Species distribution models}, issn = {1313-2989}, doi = {10.3897/zookeys.543.6050}, url = {http://zookeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=6050}, author = {Sarnat, Eli М. and Fischer, Georg and Gu{\'e}nard, Benoit and Economo, Evan P.} } @article {33470, title = {Worldwide ant invasions under climate change}, journal = {Biodiversity and Conservation}, year = {2014}, month = {Jul-09-2014}, abstract = {

Many ants are among the most globally significant invasive species. They have caused the local decline and extinction of a variety of taxa ranging from plants to mammals. They disturb ecosystem processes, decrease agricultural production, damage infrastructure and can be a health hazard for humans. Overall, economic costs caused by invasive ants amount to several billion US $ annually. There is general consensus that the future distributions of invasive species are likely to expand with climate change, however this dogma remains poorly tested. Here we model suitable area globally for 15 of the worst invasive ant species, both currently and with predicted climate change (in 2080), globally, regionally and within the world\’s 34 biodiversity hotspots. Surprisingly, the potential distribution of only five species was predicted to increase (up to 35.8\ \%) with climate change, with most declining by up to 63.3\ \%. The ant invasion hotspots are predominantly in tropical and subtropical regions of South America, Africa, Asia and Oceanic islands, and particularly correspond with biodiversity hotspots. Contrary to general expectations, climate change and invasive ant species will not systematically act synergistically. However, ant invasions will likely remain as a major global problem, especially where invasion hotspots coincide with biodiversity hotspots.

}, keywords = {biological invasions, Climate change, Consensus model, Invasive ants, Species distribution models}, issn = {0960-3115}, doi = {10.1007/s10531-014-0794-3}, url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10531-014-0794-3http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10531-014-0794-3}, author = {Bertelsmeier, Cleo and Luque, Gloria M. and Hoffmann, Benjamin D. and Courchamp, Franck} }