@article {3888, title = {Sex mosaics in a male dimorphic ant Cardiocondyla kagutsuchi}, journal = {Naturwissenschaften}, volume = {96}, year = {2009}, note = {Part of FORMIS 09; from-DPW, }, month = {January, Publish}, pages = {49-55}, abstract = {*[We studied gynandromorphy in the Malaysian ant Cardiocondyla kagutsuchi, which has sex mosaics of queens (gynandromorphs; mosaic of queens and winged male) and workers (ergatandromorphs; mosaic of worker and wingless ergatoid male). These sex mosaics were classified into 7 morphological categories. Most individuals had more male than female body areas. Behavioral observations revealed that sex mosaics behave more in accordance with the {\textquoteright}sex{\textquoteright} of their brain than that of the reproductive organs (gaster). Relative DNA quantities showed that both female \& male regions contained haploid \& diploid nuclei, irrespective of their phenotypic appearance, indicating that external appearance did not reflect internal tissues. Nearly one third of the adults were sex mosaics \& they were not infected with Wolbachia. Our results suggest that the production of sex mosaics in this species does not pose a substantial cost to colonies \& that the underlying causes are therefore not strongly selected against.]}, author = {Yoshizawa, J. and Mimori, K. and Yamauchi, K. and Tsuchida, K.} } @article {3832, title = {Lethal fighting among dimorphic males of the ant, Cardiocondyla wroughtonii}, journal = {Naturwissenschaften}, volume = {74}, year = {1987}, note = {Part of FORMIS; from Biblio Fourmis Database; from ANTBIB; verified-PSW; from-DPW, }, month = {Nov 1987}, pages = {548-549}, author = {Stuart, R.J. and Francoeur, A. and Loiselle, R.} } @article {3724, title = {Male polymorphism and gynandromorphs in the ant Cardiocondyla emeryi}, journal = {Naturwissenschaften}, volume = {84}, year = {1997}, note = {Part of FORMIS 00; from PSW; from-DPW, }, month = {Published: Mar 1}, pages = {129-131}, author = {Heinze, J. and Trenkle, S.} } @article {3709, title = {Male fighting and "territoriality" within colonies of the ant Cardiocondyla venustula}, journal = {Naturwissenschaften}, volume = {96}, year = {2009}, note = {Part of FORMIS 09; from-DPW, }, month = {January, Publish}, pages = {159-163}, abstract = {*[The ant genus Cardiocondyla is characterized by a bizarre male polymorphism with wingless fighter males \& winged disperser males. Winged males have been lost convergently in several clades, \& in at least one of them, wingless males have evolved mutual tolerance. To better understand the evolutionary pathways of reproductive tactics, we investigated Cardiocondyla venustula, a species, which in a phylogenetic analysis clusters with species with fighting \& species with mutually tolerant, wingless males. Wingless males of C. venustula use their strong mandibles to kill freshly eclosed rival males \& also engage in short fights with other adult males, but in addition show a novel behavior hitherto not reported from social insect males: they spread out in the natal nest \& defend territories against other males. Ant males therefore show a much larger variety of reproductive tactics than previously assumed.]}, author = {Frohschammer, S. and Heinze, J.} } @article {3670, title = {Imperfect chemical female mimicry in males of the ant Cardiocondyla obscurior}, journal = {Naturwissenschaften}, volume = {95}, year = {2008}, note = {Part of FORMIS 08; from NAL{\textquoteright}S AGRICOLA; from-DPW, }, month = {Nov, Published o}, pages = {1101-1105}, abstract = {

Winged and wingless males coexist in the ant Cardiocondyla obscurior. Wingless (ergatoid) males never leave their maternal colony and fight remorselessly among each other for the access to emerging females. The peaceful winged males disperse after about 10 days, but beforehand also mate in the nest. In the first 5 days of their life, winged males perform a chemical female mimicry that protects them against attack and even makes them sexually attractive to ergatoid males. When older, the chemical profile of winged males no longer matches that of virgin females; nevertheless, they are still tolerated, which so far has been puzzling. Contrasting this general pattern, we have identified a single aberrant colony in which all winged males were attacked and killed by the ergatoid males. A comparative analysis of the morphology and chemical profile of these untypical attacked winged males and the tolerated males from several normal colonies revealed that normal old males are still performing some chemical mimicry to the virgin queens, though less perfect than in their young ages. The anomalous attacked winged males, on the other hand, had a very different odor to the females. Our study thus exemplifies that the analysis of rare malfunctioning can add valuable insight on functioning under normal conditions and allows the conclusion that older winged males from normal colonies of the ant C. obscurior are guarded through an imperfect chemical female mimicry, still close enough to protect against attacks by the wingless fighters yet dissimilar enough not to elicit their sexual interest.

}, author = {Cremer, S. and D{\textquoteright}Ettorre, P. and Drijfhout, F.P. and Sledge, M.F. and Turillazzi, S. and Heinze, J.} }