01636nas a2200229   4500008004100000022001400041245008200055210006900137260001600206300002400222490002800246520090700274653002501181653001901206653001501225653002301240100001701263700002101280700001701301700001401318856007401332       2013                        eng d  a1744-956100aHow many and which ant species are being accidentally moved around the world?0 aHow many and which ant species are being accidentally moved arou  cNov-10-2014  a20130540 - 201305400 v912261021168108463109403 a<p>Human transportation facilitates the dispersal of exotic ants, but few studies have quantified the magnitude and geography of these movements. We used several non-parametric indexes to estimate the number of species successfully introduced to or established in new regions. We also compared their source biogeographic realms to assess the importance of the geographical origin in determining the likelihood of establishment after introduction. Data on exotic ants derive from studies of three temperate regions. Our results suggest that the numbers of introduced or established ants may be much larger than the numbers so far documented. Ants introduced or established in new regions tend to arrive from the same or neighbouring realms, as would be expected if exotic species tend to match climates and if arrival/establishment is dependent upon higher trade rates from neighbouring countries.</p>
10abiological invasions10aExotic species10aFormicidae10arichness estimator1 aMiravete, V.1 aRoura-Pascual, N1 aDunn, R., R.1 aGomez, C.  uhttp://rsbl.royalsocietypublishing.org/cgi/doi/10.1098/rsbl.2013.054002522nas a2200181   4500008004100000245009500041210006900136260002100205300001200226490000700238520188900245100001802134700001402152700001602166700002102182700001702203856012002220       2009                        eng d00aWorldwide spread of the Argentine ant, <i>Linepithema humile</i> (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)0 aWorldwide spread of the Argentine ant iLinepithema humilei Hymen  cSeptember 2009,   a187-1940 v123 a*[The Argentine ant, Linepithema humile (Mayr, 1868), originally from subtropical South America, is an important pest in many parts of the world.  To evaluate its worldwide distribution & potential for further spread, we mapped records of L. humile from more than 2100 sites.  Because several South & Central American Linepithema species have been often mis-identified as L. humile, we excluded all unconfirmed South & Central American records.  We documented the earliest known L. humile records for 95 geographic areas (countries, island groups, major islands, & US states), including several for which we found no previously published records.  We could not confirm any L. humile records from several South & Central American countries with published reports.Most records of L. humile come from the subtropics, particularly from regions with Mediterranean-like climates (i.e., warm dry summers and cool moist winters), including its native range in South America & exotic populations in California, the Mediterranean, southern Africa, Australia, New Zealand, & Japan.  In more humid subtropical areas, such as the southeast US, L. humile rarely dominates outside urban areas.  In tropical latitudes, L. humile dominates only at higher elevations, most notably in Hawaii.  In temperate areas, L. humile is almost exclusively an indoor pest.  Linepithema humile has already spread to most subtropical lowland regions with Mediterranean-like climates, but is not known yet from most tropical highland areas with suitable climates.  In the past, L. humile probably arrived in tropical regions by sea accompanying human commerce & had to survive coastal lowland conditions before spreading to higher, cooler elevations.  Nowadays air travel allows L. humile to stowaway in cargo delivered almost anywhere in the world.  Therefore, a wider spread of this pest is expected in the future.]1 aWetterer, J K1 aWild, A L1 aSuarez, A V1 aRoura-Pascual, N1 aEspadaler, X  uhttps://antkey.myspecies.info/en/content/worldwide-spread-argentine-ant-ilinepithema-humilei-hymenoptera-formicidae