02903nas a2200229 4500008004100000245014300041210007100184260001600255300001400271520215000285653002802435653001102463653002602474653002602500653001402526653001302540653001402553100001602567700002502583700002202608856004302630 2015 eng d00aInfiltration of a facultative ant–plant mutualism by the introduced Argentine ant: effects on mutualist diversity and mutualism benefits0 aInfiltration of a facultative ant–plant mutualism by the introdu cJan-04-2015 an/a - n/a3 a

1. Ant–plant mutualisms have been the focus of considerable empirical research, but few studies have investigated how introduced ants affect these interactions. Using 2 years of survey data, this study examines how the introduced Argentine ant [Linepithema humile(Mayr)] differs from native ants with respect to its ability to protect the extrafloral nectary-bearing coast barrel cactus (Ferocactus viridescens) in Southern California.

2. Eighteen native ant species visited cacti in uninvaded areas, but cacti in invaded areas were primarily visited by the Argentine ant. The main herbivore of the coast barrel cactus present at the study sites is a leaf-footed bug (Narnia wilsoni).

3. Herbivore presence (the fraction of surveys in which leaf-footed bugs were present on individual cacti) was negatively related to ant presence (the fraction of surveys in which ants were present on individual cacti). Compared with cacti in uninvaded areas, those in invaded areas were less likely to have herbivores and when they did had them less often.

4. Seed mass was negatively related to herbivore presence, and this relationship did not differ for cacti in invaded areas versus those in uninvaded areas.

5. Although the Argentine ant might provide superior protection from herbivores, invasion-induced reductions in ant mutualist diversity could potentially compromise plant reproduction. The cumulative number of ant species on individual cacti over time was lower in invaded areas and was associated with a shortened seasonal duration of ant protection and reduced seed mass. These results support the hypothesis that multiple partners may enhance mutualism benefits.

 

10aAnt–plant interaction10acactus10aextrafloral nectaries10afacultative mutualism10aherbivory10ainvasion10amutualist1 aLUDKA, JOHN1 aLEVAN, KATHERINE, E.1 aHolway, David, A. uhttp://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/een.1220602424nas a2200277 4500008004100000022001400041245016500055210006900220260001600289520143700305653002401742653001601766653001301782653002301795653002301818100002001841700002401861700002101885700001901906700002201925700002201947700002101969700002201990700001702012856011702029 2015 eng d a0003-686200aEcological impacts on native ant and ground-dwelling animal communities through Argentine ant (Linepithema humile) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) management in Japan0 aEcological impacts on native ant and grounddwelling animal commu cSep-04-20163 a

In the last 30 years some limited successes in alien ant control have been documented globally, and control programs remain challenging. Moreover, the potential non-target impacts of toxicants have not been well studied. We assessed the efficacy and non-target effects of multiple products containing the active compound fipronil in the attempted control of two populations of the invasive Argentine ant Linepithema humile (Mayr) in Tokyo, Japan. Three treatments were conducted: control, low-dose treatment (0.1 g/ha per treatment), and high-dose treatment (0.2 g/ha). Treatments were applied once per month for 11 months. The abundance of L. humile declined rapidly by up to 99.8 % in treated areas, but remained at extremely high densities in the control area. The treatments had few negative non-target effects, with the abundances of native ant species and other ground-dwelling invertebrates except for cockroaches being greater in the treated areas after L. humile suppression. Thus, fipronil is an effective compound for controlling L. humile and can be used with minimal toxic effects on non-target organisms. The treatments cost approximately US$ 575/ha for the low-dose treatment and US$ 1250/ha for the high-dose treatment. Our research supports the creation of more ambitious invasive ant management projects.

10abiological invasion10aEradication10aFipronil10aLinepithema humile10aNon-target effects1 aInoue, Maki, N.1 aSaito-Morooka, Fuki1 aSuzuki, Kazutaka1 aNomura, Takuji1 aHayasaka, Daisuke1 aKishimoto, Toshio1 aSugimaru, Katsuo1 aSugiyama, Takashi1 aGoka, Koichi uhttp://link.springer.com/10.1007/s13355-015-0338-7http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13355-015-0338-702443nas a2200217 4500008004100000022001300041245006100054210006100115260001600176300001400192490000800206520162800214653001701842653002501859653002301884653001801907653002701925100001901952700002401971856023001995 2015 eng d a0006320700aIntermediate disturbance promotes invasive ant abundance0 aIntermediate disturbance promotes invasive ant abundance cJan-06-2015 a359 - 3670 v1863 a

Urban habitats are undergoing a faunal and floral homogenization process worldwide. We investigated how such homogenization influences ant communities. We monitored ant species richness and abundance in natural, semi-natural, urban, and agricultural habitats for one year, along an urban–rural gradient in the San Francisco Bay Area, and examined which human-related and other environmental variables most affect ant distribution. We investigated whether alien ant species have an advantage in human-modified habitats. We found that distance from buildings was the most important factor affecting ant distribution. In total, we recorded 17 ant species, of which four were non-native. Native ant species richness was highest in natural habitats, and alien species richness was highest in urban habitats. Remarkably, in a sample of 19,450 ant workers at food baits, the highest ant abundance across all seasons was in the semi-natural habitat where usually only the invasive Argentine ant (Linepithema humile), representing 81% of all ants seen at baits, and the native winter ant (Prenolepis imparis) were present. Agricultural habitats had a surprisingly high number of native and alien species. It appears that the invasive Argentine ant creates a favorable ecological community in semi-natural environments, where they compete successfully with the native species, and do not face the increased competition with other alien species that they encounter in urban habitats. Even well protected natural habitat may be favorable for invasive species, due to its proximity to human disturbance.

10abiodiversity10abiological invasions10aLinepithema humile10aUrban ecology10aUrban–rural gradient1 aVonshak, Merav1 aGordon, Deborah, M. uhttp://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0006320715001354http://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0006320715001354?httpAccept=text/xmlhttp://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0006320715001354?httpAccept=text/plain03056nas a2200289 4500008004100000022001400041245007700055210006900132260001600201520209900217653002402316653002502340653002602365653002902391653001802420653002202438100002302460700001802483700002002501700002202521700001502543700002002558700002102578700002802599700002202627856011702649 2015 eng d a1387-354700aDifferent behavioural strategies among seven highly invasive ant species0 aDifferent behavioural strategies among seven highly invasive ant cApr-04-20153 a

Ants figure prominently among the worst invasive species because of their enormous ecological and economic impacts. However, it remains to be investigated which species would be behaviourally dominant when confronted with another invasive ant species, should two species be introduced in the same area. In the future, many regions might have suitable environmental conditions for several invasive ant species, as predicted under climate change scenarios. Here, we explored interactions among several highly invasive ant species, which have been shown to have overlapping suitable areas. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance in interference competition of seven of the world’s worst invasive ant species (Anoplolepis gracilipesParatrechina longicornisMyrmica rubraLinepithema humileLasius neglectusWasmannia auropunctata and Pheidole megacephala). We conducted pairwise confrontations, testing the behaviour of each species against each of the six other species (in total 21 dyadic confrontations). We used single worker confrontations and group interactions of 10 versus 10 individuals to establish a dominance hierarchy among these invasive ant species. We discovered two different behavioural strategies among these invasive ants: three species displayed evasive or indifferent behaviour when individuals or groups were confronted (A. gracilipes, Pa. longicornis, M. rubra), while the four remaining species were highly aggressive during encounters and formed a linear dominance hierarchy. These findings contrast with the widespread view that invasive ants form a homogeneous group of species displaying the ‘invasive syndrome’, which includes generally aggressive behaviour. The dominance hierarchy among the four aggressive species may be used to predict the outcome of future competitive interactions under some circumstances. Yet, the existence of several behavioural strategies renders such a prediction less straightforward.

10aDominance hierarchy10aDominance trade-offs10aDyadic confrontations10aInterference competition10aInvasive ants10aInvasive syndrome1 aBertelsmeier, Cleo1 aAvril, Amaury1 aBlight, Olivier1 aConfais, Amandine1 aDiez, Lise1 aJourdan, Hervé1 aOrivel, Jérôme1 aGermès, Noémie, Saint1 aCourchamp, Franck uhttp://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10530-015-0892-5http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10530-015-0892-502644nas a2200169 4500008004100000022001400041245009900055210006900154260001600223300002000239520208400259100001702343700001802360700002102378700002202399856005302421 2015 eng d a1051-076100aTesting the effects of ant invasions on non-ant arthropods with high-resolution taxonomic data0 aTesting the effects of ant invasions on nonant arthropods with h cFeb-03-2017 a1503262121140063 a

Invasions give rise to a wide range of ecological effects. Many invasions proceed without noticeable impacts on the resident biota, whereas others shift species composition and even alter ecosystem function. Ant invasions generate a broad spectrum of ecological effects, but controversy surrounds the extent of these impacts, especially with regard to how other arthropods are affected. This uncertainty in part results from the widespread use of low-resolution taxonomic data, which can mask the presence of other introduced species and make it difficult to isolate the effects of ant invasions on native species. Here, we use high-resolution taxonomic data to examine the effects of Argentine ant invasions on arthropods on Santa Cruz Island, California. We sampled arthropods in eight pairs of invaded and uninvaded plots and then collaborated with taxonomic experts to identify taxa in four focal groups: spiders, bark lice, beetles, and ants. Spiders, bark lice and beetles made up approximately 40% of the 9868 non-ant arthropod individuals sampled; the majority of focal group arthropods were putatively native taxa. Although our results indicate strong negative effects of the Argentine ant on native ants, as is well documented, invaded and uninvaded plots did not differ with respect to the richness, abundance or species composition of spiders, bark lice and beetles. One common, introduced species of bark louse was more common in uninvaded plots than in invaded plots, and including this species into our analyses changed the relationship between bark louse richness versus L. humile abundance from no relationship to a significant negative relationship. This case illustrates how failure to differentiate native and introduced taxa can lead to erroneous conclusions about the effects of ant invasions. Our results caution against unqualified assertions about the effects of ant invasions on non-ant arthropods and more generally demonstrate that accurate assessments of invasion impacts depend on adequate information about species identity.
 

1 aHanna, Cause1 aNaughton, Ida1 aBoser, Christina1 aHolway, David, A. uhttp://www.esajournals.org/doi/10.1890/14-0952.101689nas a2200241 4500008004100000245007200041210006900113260008100182300001000263520089600273653000801169653002101177653002001198653001501218653001501233653001301248653001001261100001901271700001601290700002001306700001301326856010801339 2015 eng d00aMaunakea Invasive Species Management Plan. Technical Report No. 1910 aMaunakea Invasive Species Management Plan Technical Report No 19 bPacific Cooperative Studies Unit, University of Hawai‘i, Honolulu, Hawai'i a84 pp3 a
The Maunakea Invasive Species Management Plan documents the objectives, policies and
procedures of the Office of Mauna Kea Management for the prevention, detection and management
of invasive plant and animal species on lands managed by the University of Hawai‘i on Maunakea.
The development and implementation of this plan supports the Office of Mauna Kea Management
mission to achieve harmony, balance, and trust in the sustainable management and stewardship of
UH managed lands (Mauna Kea Science Reserve and Halepōhaku) through community involvement
and programs that protect, preserve, and enhance the natural, cultural, and recreational resources
of Maunakea while providing a world class center dedicated to education, research and
astronomy.
10aIAS10aInvasive species10amanagement plan10amonitoring10aprevention10aresponse10aweeds1 aVanderwoude, C1 aKlasner, F.1 aKirkpatrick, J.1 aKaye, S. uhttp://www.malamamaunakea.org/uploads/environment/MKISMP/MaunakeaInvasiveSppMgmtPlan_PCSUTechR_v191.pdf02281nas a2200193 4500008004100000245009000041210006900131260001500200520165900215653001401874653001401888653002301902653001101925653002301936100001601959700001601975700001901991856007702010 2015 eng d00aDensity-Dependent effects of an invasive ant on a ground-dwelling arthropod community0 aDensityDependent effects of an invasive ant on a grounddwelling  c2015/01/213 a

It is frequently assumed that an invasive species that is ecologically or economically damaging in one region, will typically be so in other environments. The Argentine ant Linepithema humile (Mayr) is listed among the world’s worst invaders. It commonly displaces resident ant species where it occurs at high population densities, and may also reduce densities of other ground-dwelling arthropods. We investigated the effect of varying Argentine ant abundance on resident ant and nonant arthropod species richness and abundance in seven cities across its range in New Zealand. Pitfall traps were used to compare an invaded and uninvaded site in each city. Invaded sites were selected based on natural varying abundance of Argentine ant populations. Argentine ant density had a significant negative effect on epigaeic ant abundance and species richness, but hypogaeic ant abundance and species richness was unaffected. We observed a significant decrease in Diplopoda abundance with increasing Argentine ant abundance, while Coleoptera abundance increased. The effect on Amphipoda and Isopoda depended strongly on climate. The severity of the impact on negatively affected taxa was reduced in areas where Argentine ant densities were low. Surprisingly, Argentine ants had no effect on the abundance of the other arthropod taxa examined. Morphospecies richness for all nonant arthropod taxa was unaffected by Argentine ant abundance. Species that are established as invasive in one location therefore cannot be assumed to be invasive in other locations based on presence alone. Appropriate management decisions should reflect this knowledge.

10aabundance10aarthropod10adensity-dependence10aimpact10aLinepithema humile1 aCooling, M.1 aSim, D., A.1 aLester, P., J. uhttp://ee.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2015/01/21/ee.nvu008.abstract02109nas a2200217 4500008004100000022001400041245004900055210004900104260001600153520139700169653002501566653001901591653002001610653001801630653003201648100002301680700002201703700002701725700002201752856011701774 2014 eng d a0960-311500aWorldwide ant invasions under climate change0 aWorldwide ant invasions under climate change cJul-09-20143 a

Many ants are among the most globally significant invasive species. They have caused the local decline and extinction of a variety of taxa ranging from plants to mammals. They disturb ecosystem processes, decrease agricultural production, damage infrastructure and can be a health hazard for humans. Overall, economic costs caused by invasive ants amount to several billion US $ annually. There is general consensus that the future distributions of invasive species are likely to expand with climate change, however this dogma remains poorly tested. Here we model suitable area globally for 15 of the worst invasive ant species, both currently and with predicted climate change (in 2080), globally, regionally and within the world’s 34 biodiversity hotspots. Surprisingly, the potential distribution of only five species was predicted to increase (up to 35.8 %) with climate change, with most declining by up to 63.3 %. The ant invasion hotspots are predominantly in tropical and subtropical regions of South America, Africa, Asia and Oceanic islands, and particularly correspond with biodiversity hotspots. Contrary to general expectations, climate change and invasive ant species will not systematically act synergistically. However, ant invasions will likely remain as a major global problem, especially where invasion hotspots coincide with biodiversity hotspots.

10abiological invasions10aClimate change10aConsensus model10aInvasive ants10aSpecies distribution models1 aBertelsmeier, Cleo1 aLuque, Gloria, M.1 aHoffmann, Benjamin, D.1 aCourchamp, Franck uhttp://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10531-014-0794-3http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10531-014-0794-302539nas a2200277 4500008004100000022001300041245012500054210006900179260001600248300001400264490000700278520150300285653001801788653002501806653002501831653001401856653002201870653002501892653002301917653001601940653002001956653001501976100001601991700002402007856023002031 2014 eng d a0003347200aIndividual variation in exploratory behaviour improves speed and accuracy of collective nest selection by Argentine ants0 aIndividual variation in exploratory behaviour improves speed and cJan-07-2014 a261 - 2660 v933 a

Collective behaviours are influenced by the behavioural composition of the group. For example, a collective behaviour may emerge from the average behaviour of the group's constituents, or be driven by a few key individuals that catalyse the behaviour of others in the group. When ant colonies collectively relocate to a new nest site, there is an inherent trade-off between the speed and accuracy of their decision of where to move due to the time it takes to gather information. Thus, variation among workers in exploratory behaviour, which allows gathering information about potential new nest sites, may impact the ability of a colony to move quickly into a suitable new nest. The invasive Argentine ant, Linepithema humile, expands its range locally through the dispersal and establishment of propagules: groups of ants and queens. We examine whether the success of these groups in rapidly finding a suitable nest site is affected by their behavioural composition. We compared nest choice speed and accuracy among groups of all-exploratory, all-nonexploratory and half-exploratory–half-nonexploratory individuals. We show that exploratory individuals improve both the speed and accuracy of collective nest choice, and that exploratory individuals have additive, not synergistic, effects on nest site selection. By integrating an examination of behaviour into the study of invasive species we shed light on the mechanisms that impact the progression of invasion.

10aArgentine ant10abehavioural syndrome10acollective behaviour10adispersal10agroup composition10aindividual variation10aLinepithema humile10apersonality10arange expansion10arelocation1 aHui, Ashley1 aPinter-Wollman, Noa uhttp://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0003347214002255http://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0003347214002255?httpAccept=text/xmlhttp://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0003347214002255?httpAccept=text/plain02755nas a2200217 4500008004100000245020200041210006900243260001600312300001400328520194200342653001802284653001902302653002202321653002402343653003102367653002302398653002502421100002402446700002402470856004302494 2014 eng d00aResource competition assays between the African big-headed ant, Pheidole megacephala (Fabricius) and the invasive Argentine ant, Linepithema humile (Mayr): mechanisms of inter-specific displacement0 aResource competition assays between the African bigheaded ant Ph cJan-05-2014 an/a - n/a3 a

1. The spread of Argentine ants, Linepithema humile (Mayr), in introduced areas is mainly through the displacement of native ant species owing to high inter-specific competition. In South Africa, L. humile has not established in the climatically suitable eastern and northern escarpments dominated by the African big headed ant, Pheidole megacephala (Fabricius), probably owing to local biotic resistance.

2. Inter-specific aggression, at the individual and colony level, and competition for a shared resource were evaluated in the laboratory.

3. Aggression between the two ant species was very high in all of the assays. Both species suffered similar mortality rates during one-on-one aggression assays, however, during symmetrical group confrontations, L. humile workers showed significantly higher mortality rates than P. megacephala workers. During asymmetrical group confrontations both species killed more of the other ant species when they had numeric advantage. Both ant species located the shared resource at the same time; however, once P. megacephala discovered the bait, they displaced L. humile from the bait through high inter-specific aggression, thereafter dominating the bait for the remainder of the trial.

4. The results demonstrate the potential of P. megacephala to prevent the establishment and survival of incipient L. humile colonies through enhanced resource competition and high inter-specific aggression. This is the first study to indicate potential biotic resistance to the spread of L. humile in South Africa.

 

10aArgentine ant10abig-headed ant10aBiotic resistance10aforaging efficiency10ainter-specific competition10aLinepithema humile10aPheidole megacephala1 aMothapo, Natasha, P1 aWossler, Theresa, C uhttp://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/een.1212602852nas a2200169 4500008004100000245013300041210006900174260005200243490001000295520224200305653001802547653002602565653001302591653001802604100001902622856004102641 2014 eng d00aThe Effect of Soil Moisture on the Susceptibility to Invasion by the Argentine Ant (Linepithema humile) in Chaparral Communities0 aEffect of Soil Moisture on the Susceptibility to Invasion by the aSan Marcos, CaliforniabCSU San Marcosc04/20140 vPh.D.3 a

The Argentine ant (Linepithema humile) is a successful invasive species found throughout the world. It is commonly associated with urban areas and invades habitats that have favorable conditions, such as adequate moisture levels. Urban areas in the xeric regions of Southern California that use supplemental irrigation create artificially moist habitats that are thought to serve as a permanent refuge for the Argentine ant. Invasion is a three step process of introduction, establishment, and spread; for Argentine ants to invade, they must first be introduced to an area. This study was designed to determine if Argentine ants seasonally spread into habitats that have high soil moisture for only a portion of the year, and to access the role that soil moisture, seasonality, proximity to the urban edge, and proximity to a permanent water source play in determining which areas the Argentine ant will spread into, and where they are likely to successfully invade. This study examined three different habitat types on two reserves that differed in water availability: mesic (permanently wet), xeric (upland areas without a permanent water source), and seasonally moist (intermittently wet). Sampling cups were set out in each habitat during the wet and dry season for a period of two years. Measurements were taken on Argentine ant abundance, native ant species abundance, distance to the urban edge, and distance to a permanent water source. Argentine ants were found in mesic sites throughout the study period in both wet and dry seasons. No Argentine ants were found at the xeric sites in either wet or dry seasons. Out of six seasonally moist sites, one that was in close proximity to permanent water had Argentine ants year round, while the other seasonally moist sites had no Argentine ants. Distance to a permanent water source was the best predictor for Argentine ant abundance, followed by soil moisture. Seasonal spreading was not observed in any habitat type. Based on these findings, intermittent water does not seem to be a risk factor for Argentine ant invasion, but permanent water is a risk factor for invasion. Dry-season urban runoff will potentially lead to increased Argentine ant invasions in this region.

10aArgentine ant10achaparral communities10ainvasion10asoil moisture1 aSodeman, Brian uhttp://hdl.handle.net/10211.3/11937702802nas a2200181 4500008004100000245015800041210006900199260001600268300001100284490000600295520217300301653001802474653001102492653001602503653002202519100002702541856005202568 2014 eng d00aEvaluating the interacting influences of pollination, seed predation, invasive species and isolation on reproductive success in a threatened alpine plant0 aEvaluating the interacting influences of pollination seed predat cFeb-02-2015 ae889480 v93 a

Reproduction in rare plants may be influenced and limited by a complex combination of factors. External threats such as invasive species and landscape characteristics such as isolation may impinge on both pollination and seed predation dynamics, which in turn can strongly affect reproduction. I assessed how patterns in floral visitation, seed predation, invasive ant presence, and plant isolation influenced one another and ultimately affected viable seed production in Haleakalā silverswords (Argyroxiphium sandwicense subsp. macrocephalum) of Hawai’i. Floral visitation was dominated by endemic Hylaeus bees, and patterns of visitation were influenced by floral display size and number of plants clustered together, but not by floral herbivory or nearest flowering neighbor distance. There was also some indication that Argentine ant presence impacted floral visitation, but contradictory evidence and limitations of the study design make this result uncertain. Degree of seed predation was associated only with plant isolation, with the two main herbivores partitioning resources such that one preferentially attacked isolated plants while the other attacked clumped plants; total seed predation was greater in more isolated plants. Net viable seed production was highly variable among individuals (0–55% seed set), and was affected mainly by nearest neighbor distance, apparently owing to low cross-pollination among plants separated by even short distances (>10–20 m). This isolation effect dominated net seed set, with no apparent influence from floral visitation rates, percent seed predation, or invasive ant presence. The measured steep decline in seed set with isolation distance may not be typical of the entire silversword range, and may indicate that pollinators in addition to Hylaeus bees could be important for greater gene flow. Management aimed at maintaining or maximizing silversword reproduction should focus on the spatial context of field populations and outplanting efforts, as well as on conserving the widest possible range of pollinator taxa.

10aArgentine ant10aHawaii10apollination10athreatened plants1 aKrushelnycky, Paul, D. uhttp://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.008894802285nas a2200181 4500008004100000022001300041245013300054210006900187260001600256300001400272490000800286520154800294100002001842700001701862700002201879700002301901856017901924 2014 eng d a0022049300aPheromone-Assisted Techniques to Improve the Efficacy of Insecticide Sprays Against Linepithema humile (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)0 aPheromoneAssisted Techniques to Improve the Efficacy of Insectic cJan-02-2014 a319 - 3250 v1073 a

Outdoor residual sprays are among the most common methods for targeting pestiferous ants in urban pest management programs. If impervious surfaces such as concrete are treated with these insecticides, the active ingredients can be washed from the surface by rain or irrigation. As a result, residual sprays with fipronil and pyrethroids are found in urban waterways and aquatic sediments. Given the amount of insecticides applied to urban settings for ant control and their possible impact on urban waterways, the development of alternative strategies is critical to decrease the overall amounts of insecticides applied, while still achieving effective control of target ant species. Herein we report a “pheromone-assisted technique” as an economically viable approach to maximize the efficacy of conventional sprays targeting the Argentine ant. By applying insecticide sprays supplemented with an attractive pheromone compound, (Z)-9-hexadecenal, Argentine ants were diverted from nearby trails and nest entrances and subsequently exposed to insecticide residues. Laboratory experiments with fipronil and bifenthrin sprays indicated that the overall kill of the insecticides on Argentine ant colonies was significantly improved (57‐142% increase) by incorporating (Z)-9-hexadecenal in the insecticide sprays. This technique, once it is successfully implemented in practical pest management programs, has the potential of providing maximum control efficacy with reduced amount of insecticides applied in the environment.

1 aChoe, Dong-Hwan1 aTsai, Kasumi1 aLopez, Carlos, M.1 aCampbell, Kathleen uhttp://openurl.ingenta.com/content/xref?genre=article&issn=0022-0493&volume=107&issue=1&spage=319http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/esa/jee/2014/00000107/00000001/art0003802748nas a2200157 4500008004100000020001400041245008100055210006900136260005500205300001200260490000700272520201900279653011602298100002302414856015302437 2014 eng d a1994-413600aImpacts of invasive ants on native ant communities (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)0 aImpacts of invasive ants on native ant communities Hymenoptera F bÖsterreichische Gesellschaft für Entomofaunistik a111-1230 v193 a

The most commonly documented consequence of alien ant invasions is the displacement and local extinction of native ant species. However, several processes may lead to low native ant diversity in the presence of non-native species. Invasive ants may, indeed, competitively exclude native ants. Conversely, invasive ants may not be able to spread into diverse, competitively dominant native ant communities. Finally, complementary distribution of invasive and native ants may be non-interactive and instead driven by divergent responses to heterogeneous environmental factors. Here, I review studies of non-native ants that have associated negative impacts on native ant communities, discuss how native ant communities are reorganized in invaded habitats, summarize reports of vulnerable and resistant ant species, and examine evidence for mechanisms of reduced native ant diversity. Invasive ants are often, but not always, associated with lower native ant abundance, reduced species diversity, and randomly structured, homogenized native ant communities. Native ants are unlikely to co-occur with invasive ants 1) in habitats with environmental conditions suitable to and / or modified for the invader, 2) during the height of an invasion when an invading species is at its peak density, 3) when native ants are ecologically similar to the invading species and lack potent chemical defenses. Little evidence supports the biotic resistance hypothesis for native ants. Instead, suitable environmental conditions are primary determinants of the establishment and success of invasive ants. While invasive ants generally thrive in disturbed areas, many studies document the spread of invasive ants into undisturbed habitats and support the notion that invasive ants can drive declines in native ant diversity. More experimental studies are needed to explicitly test the importance of interactive and noninteractive processes in determining the spread of invasive ants and their impacts on native ant diversity.

10aBiotic resistance, competitive exclusion, disturbance, diversity, invasive ants, native ant communities, review1 aWittman, Sarah, E. uhttp://myrmecologicalnews.org/cms/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&id=586:myrmecol-news-19-111-123-online-earlier&Itemid=83&layout=default02723nas a2200133 4500008004100000245011100041210006900152260005700221520215700278653001402435653001502449110003002464856009502494 2006 eng d00aThreat abatement plan to reduce the impacts of tramp ants on biodiversity in Australia and its territories0 aThreat abatement plan to reduce the impacts of tramp ants on bio aCanberrabDepartment of the Environment and Heritage3 a

Invasive alien tramp ants are a diverse group of species originating from many regions of the globe which arrive at Australia's doorstep through a variety of transport pathways. They share genetic, behavioural, and ecological attributes that influence their probability of entry, establishment and spread, ecological dominance, and high impact.

While their impacts on biodiversity in Australia are not well quantified, many tramp ants have the ability to affect Australia's native biodiversity. Their impacts may be felt directly through predation upon or competition with native animals, or indirectly by modifying habitat structure and altering ecosystem processes. Most tramp ants have multi-sectoral impacts, and can affect plant and animal health, social and cultural values, and human health.

The effective and appropriate management of threats from tramp ants poses a formidable challenge to Australia, testing the continuum of biosecurity, from pre-border surveillance through to pest management. Individual tramp ant species are at varying stages in the invasion process, so the nature and scale of management responses will vary accordingly.

The tramp ant threat abatement plan establishes a national framework to guide and coordinate Australia's response to tramp ants, identifying the research, management, and other actions necessary to ensure the long-term survival of native species and ecological communities affected by tramp ants.

The goal of the plan is to minimise the impact of invasive tramp ants on biodiversity in Australia and its territories by protecting threatened native species and ecological communities, and preventing further species and ecological communities from becoming threatened.

The department hasn't established a specific implementation team for tramp ants. Initially there was the National Tramp Ant Committee (NTAC) which did have a wide mandate and occasionally assisted with elements of the TAP, but the NTAC has ceased and has been replaced by the Tramp ant consultative committee, which focuses on emergency responses to tramp ant issues.

10aAustralia10amanagement1 aCommonwealth of Australia uhttp://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/publications/tap/pubs/tramp-ants.pdf01675nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001400041245007500055210006900130260000900199300001100208490000700219520096400226653001601190653001201206653000901218653002601227653001901253653001701272653001501289100002101304700002901325856007901354 2008 eng d a0066-417000aThe Argentine ant: challenges in managing an invasive unicolonial pest0 aArgentine ant challenges in managing an invasive unicolonial pes c2008 a231-520 v533 a

The Argentine ant, Linepithema humile, has invaded urban, agricultural, and natural habitats worldwide, causing economic damage and disrupting ecosystem processes. Introduced populations of L. humile and those of many other invasive ants tend to be unicolonial, forming expansive, multiqueened supercolonies that dominate native ant communities and challenge control practices in managed habitats. Argentine ant management typically entails the application of residual insecticide liquids, granules, or baits to only a portion of the colony, resulting in fairly rapid reinfestation. We suggest that prevailing control methodologies are incomplete and not compatible with the behavior, nesting habits, and population structure of this ant, and therefore, more aggressive management strategies are required. Successful eradication efforts against other invasive unicolonial ant species can provide useful insights for local-scale L. humile eradication.

10aAgriculture10aAnimals10aAnts10aCost-Benefit Analysis10aInsect Control10aInsecticides10amanagement1 aSilverman, Jules1 aBrightwell, Robert, John uhttp://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.ento.53.103106.09345000577nas a2200193 4500008004100000022003000041245002800071210002800099260003600127300001200163653001500175100002600190700002200216700001700238700001200255700001300267700001400280856008900294 2009 eng d a978–0–19–954463–900aInvasive ant management0 aInvasive ant management aOxfordbOxford University Press a287-30410amanagement1 aHoffmann, Benjamin, D1 aAbbott, Kirsti, L1 aDavis, Peter1 aLach, L1 aParr, C.1 aAbbott, K uhttp://xa.yimg.com/kq/groups/23048707/884109595/name/ANT+ECOLOGY%5B1%5D.pdf#page=30602135nas a2200145 4500008004100000245013200041210006900173260003000242300001100272490000600283520157400289100002601863700002101889856007901910 2013 eng d00aPropagule Pressure and Climate Contribute to the Displacement of Linepithema humile by Pachycondyla chinensis0 aPropagule Pressure and Climate Contribute to the Displacement of bPublic Library of Science ae562810 v83 a

Identifying mechanisms governing the establishment and spread of invasive species is a fundamental challenge in invasion biology. Because species invasions are frequently observed only after the species presents an environmental threat, research identifying the contributing agents to dispersal and subsequent spread are confined to retrograde observations. Here, we use a combination of seasonal surveys and experimental approaches to test the relative importance of behavioral and abiotic factors in determining the local co-occurrence of two invasive ant species, the established Argentine ant (Linepithema humile Mayr) and the newly invasive Asian needle ant (Pachycondyla chinensis Emery). We show that the broader climatic envelope of P. chinensis enables it to establish earlier in the year than L. humile. We also demonstrate that increased P. chinensis propagule pressure during periods of L. humile scarcity contributes to successful P. chinensis early season establishment. Furthermore, we show that, although L. humile is the numerically superior and behaviorally dominant species at baits, P. chinensis is currently displacing L. humile across the invaded landscape. By identifying the features promoting the displacement of one invasive ant by another we can better understand both early determinants in the invasion process and factors limiting colony expansion and survival.

1 aRice, Eleanor, Spicer1 aSilverman, Jules uhttp://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.005628100261nas a2200097 4500008004100000245002700041210002600068490000900094100002300103856003700126 2012 eng d00aAntweb. Ants of Hawaii0 aAntweb Ants of Hawaii0 v20121 aKrushelnycky, Paul uhttp://www.antweb.org/hawaii.jsp00284nas a2200109 4500008004100000245002500041210002400066490000900090100001800099700002200117856003500139 2012 eng d00aAntweb. Ants of Utah0 aAntweb Ants of Utah0 v20121 aCover, Stefan1 aLubertazzi, David uhttp://www.antweb.org/utah.jsp00252nas a2200097 4500008004100000245002600041210002500067490000900092100001700101856003600118 2012 eng d00aAntweb. Ants of Texas0 aAntweb Ants of Texas0 v20121 aDavis, Lloyd uhttp://www.antweb.org/texas.jsp00252nas a2200097 4500008004100000245002500041210002400066490000900090100002000099856003500119 2012 eng d00aAntweb. Ants of Ohio0 aAntweb Ants of Ohio0 v20121 aIvanov, Kaloyan uhttp://www.antweb.org/ohio.jsp00857nas a2200145 4500008004100000245010700041210006900148260018200217520012300399100001200522700001400534700001700548700001800565856012800583 2004 eng d00a100 of the world's worst invasive alien species. A selection from the global invasive species database0 a100 of the worlds worst invasive alien species A selection from  bPublished by The Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) a specialist group of the Species Survival Commission (SSC) of the World Conservation Union (IUCN), 12 pcNovember 20043 a

First published as special lift-out in Aliens 12, December 2000. Updated and reprinted version: November 2004

1 aLowe, S1 aBrowne, M1 aBoudjelas, S1 aDe Poorter, M uhttps://antkey.myspecies.info/en/content/100-worlds-worst-invasive-alien-species-selection-global-invasive-species-database01007nas a2200133 4500008004100000245009900041210006900140260001700209300001200226490000800238520048400246100001900730856012400749 2001 eng d00aConsequences of a biological invasion reveal the importance of mutualism for plant communities0 aConsequences of a biological invasion reveal the importance of m cOct 11, 2001 a635-6390 v4133 a

*[I report the community-level consequences of a biological invasion that disrupts important seed-dispersal mutualisms. I show that invasion of South African shrublands by the Argentine ant, Linepithema humile, leads to a shift in composition of the plant community, owing to a disproportionate reduction in the densities of large-seeded plants. This study suggests that the preservation of mutualistic interactions may be essential for maintaining natural communities.]

1 aChristian, CE. uhttps://antkey.myspecies.info/en/content/consequences-biological-invasion-reveal-importance-mutualism-plant-communities00775nas a2200169 4500008004100000245008900041210006900130260000900199300001400208490000700222520019500229100001400424700001800438700001500456700001700471856011700488 1992 eng d00aEffects of the Argentine ant on arthropod fauna of Hawaiian high-elevation shrubland0 aEffects of the Argentine ant on arthropod fauna of Hawaiian high cAug. a1313-13220 v733 a

*[baited & unbaited pitfalls were used; along with under-rock surveys. Presence of I. humilis is associated with reduced populations of many native & non-native arthropods.]

1 aCole, F R1 aMedeiros, A C1 aLoope, L L1 aZuehlke, W W uhttps://antkey.myspecies.info/en/content/effects-argentine-ant-arthropod-fauna-hawaiian-high-elevation-shrubland01813nas a2200157 4500008004100000245004800041210004800089260002100137300001200158490000700170520134600177100002101523700001501544700001401559856008201573 1997 eng d00aIntroduced ants in the United Arab Emirates0 aIntroduced ants in the United Arab Emirates cPublished: Nov 1 a505-5120 v373 a

*[Fifteen species of introduced ants, including 8 cosmopolitan or tramp species, are recorded for the first time in the United Arab Emirates. They are Cardiocondyla emeryi, Camponotus compressus, Iridomyrmex anceps, Linepithema humile, Monomorium destructor, Monomorium indicum, Pachycondyla sennaarensis, Paratrechina flavipes, Paratrechina jaegerskioeldi, Paratrechina longicornis, Pheidole teneriffana, Solenopsis geminata, Tapinoma melanocephalum, Tapinoma simrothi, & Tetramorium bicarinatum. A synopsis of their distribution, biology, & pest status is given. Introduced species contribute an unusually high proportion of local ants & the ecological implications of their presence are discussed, including displacement of native fauna & impact upon human health. These ants abound in man-made, mesic environments & do not reach the characteristic sandy deserts of the region. Most invasive species are probably benign, but P. sennaarensis, M. destructor, & S. geminata pose potential problems as public health & nuisance pests. The highly competitive S. geminata & L. humile may also threaten the local entomofauna & biodiversity. Camponotus compressus, Iridomyrmex anceps, Linepithema humile, Solenopsis geminata, & Tetramorium bicarinatum have not been previously recored from Arabia.]

1 aCollingwood, C A1 aTigar, B J1 aAgosti, D uhttps://antkey.myspecies.info/en/content/introduced-ants-united-arab-emirates00483nas a2200133 4500008004100000245004000041210004000081300001200121490000600133520010400139100002100243700001400264856007100278 2001 eng d00aAdditions to the ant fauna of Yemen0 aAdditions to the ant fauna of Yemen a559-5680 v83 a

*[Oligomyrmex arabicus n.sp. described from major worker & minor workers from Yemen. ]

1 aCollingwood, C A1 aHarten, A uhttps://antkey.myspecies.info/en/content/additions-ant-fauna-yemen00969nas a2200133 4500008004100000245005600041210005600097260002100153300001000174490000700184520053200191100001800723856009400741 2010 eng d00aInsect biodiversity and conservation in Australasia0 aInsect biodiversity and conservation in Australasia cVolume publicati a55-750 v553 a

*[Australasia, which consists of Australia and the adjacent islands of the southwestern Pacific Ocean, has an insect diversity approximately proportional to the land mass. This diversity is distinctive, with some major groups missing and others having radiated. Conservation of Australasian entomological biodiversity is an increasing challenge for contemporary scientists. There are 1275 described species & subspecies (103) of Formicidae in Australia. Ants dominate ecologically in all but tropical rainforests.]

1 aCranston, P S uhttps://antkey.myspecies.info/en/content/insect-biodiversity-and-conservation-australasia02397nas a2200109 4500008004100000245011600041210006900157260005700226520185900283100001402142856013102156 2004 eng d00aSpecies diversity and biogeography of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Louisianna, with notes on their ecology0 aSpecies diversity and biogeography of ants Hymenoptera Formicida bM.S. thesis, Louisiana State University. v + 290 p.3 a

*[I report the first-ever comprehensive assessment of the Louisiana ant fauna. More than 100 species from 38 genera and 8 subfamilies are included. Included are keys to all subfamilies, genera, and species with illustrations photographs, and a regional map for each species. This faunistic survey gives valuable data of biodiversity and macro/microhabitat selection of ant species.]Species considered as previously unreported from Louisiana: Ponerinae; Pachycondyla stigma; Proceratiinae; Discothyrea testacea; Proceratium silaceum; Myrmicinae; Crematogaster ashmeadi; Crematogaster atkinsoni; Crematogaster cerasi; Crematogaster lineolata; Crematogaster minutissima; Crematogaster vermiculata; Pyramica carolinensis; Pyramica hyalina; Pyramica metaxytes; Pyramica reflexa; Cardiocondyla wroughtonii; Myrmecina americana; Aphaenogaster ashmeadi; Pheidole dentata; Dolichoderinae; Tapinomia melanocephalum; Tapinomia sessile; ormicinae; Brachymyrmex obscurior; Camponotus (Colobopsis) obliqus; Camponotus atriceps; Camponotus chromaiodes; Camponotus nearcticus; Polyergus lucidus.Species that are likely to occur in Louisiana: Ecitoninae; Neivamyrmex carolinensis; Neivamyrmex texana; Amblyoponiniae; Amblyopone pallipes; Ponerinae; Odonotmachus brunneus; Hypoponera inexorata; Hypoponera punctatissima; Myrmicinae; Aphaenogaster ashmeadi; Aphaenogaster mairae; Apheanogaster tennesseensis; Aphaenogaster miamiana; Pheidole bicarinata; Pheidole crassicornis; Pheidole morrisi; Pheidole pilifera; Pheidole sitarches; Pyramica abdita; Pyramica laevinasis; Pyramica missouriensis; Tetramorium lanuginosum; Tetramorium caespitum; Dolichoderinae; Dolichoderus pustulatus; Dorymyrmex smithi; Linepithema iniquum; Forelius mccooki; Formicinae; Camponotus pylartes pylartes; Camponotus sansabeanus; Camponotus socius; Formica subsericea; Formica interga.

1 aDash, S T uhttps://antkey.myspecies.info/en/content/species-diversity-and-biogeography-ants-hymenoptera-formicidae-louisianna-notes-their01130nas a2200145 4500008004100000245006900041210006600110260000900176300001400185490000800199520064100207100001400848700002100862856010100883 2008 eng d00aSpecies diversity of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Louisiana0 aSpecies diversity of ants Hymenoptera Formicidae in Louisiana cNov. a1056-10660 v1013 a

More than four decades have passed since the completion of the checklist by Moser and Blum (1960) of the ants of Louisiana. This research represents a significant contribution to and an update of their work. This report is the first-ever comprehensive assessment of the formicid fauna of Louisiana. One hundred thirty-two species from 40 genera and nine subfamilies were found. Information on how Louisiana ant fauna compares to that of adjacent states and Nearctic fauna are provided. Interesting results include the identity of exotic and pestiferous species, missing species, species lost, and previously unreported species.

1 aDash, S T1 aHooper-Bùi, L M uhttps://antkey.myspecies.info/en/content/species-diversity-ants-hymenoptera-formicidae-louisiana02330nas a2200169 4500008004100000245008700041210006900128260001800197300001200215490000700227520175300234100001401987700001402001700001302015700001302028856011902041 2007 eng d00aPolydomy in ants: what we know, what we think we know, and what remains to be done0 aPolydomy in ants what we know what we think we know and what rem cFebruary 2007 a319-3480 v903 a

The correct identification of colony boundaries is an essential prerequisite for empirical studies of ant behavior and evolution. Ant colonies function at various organizational levels, and these boundaries may be difficult to assess. Moreover, new complexity can be generated through the presence of spatially discrete subgroups within a more or less genetically homogeneous colony, a situation called polydomy. A colony is polydomous only if individuals (workers and brood) of its constituent nests function as a social and cooperative unit and are regularly interchanged among nests. This condition was previously called polycalic, and the term polydomy was used in a broader sense for a group of daughter nests of the same mother colony (implying limited female dispersal), without regard to whether these different nests continued to exchange individuals. We think that this distinction between 'polycaly' and 'polydomy' concerns two disparate concepts. We thus prefer the narrower definition of polydomy, which groups individuals that interact socially. Does this new level of organization affect the way in which natural selection acts on social traits? Here, after examining the history of terms, we review all ant species that have been described as expressing polydomous structures. We show that there is no particular syndrome of traits predictably associated with polydomy. We detail the existing theoretical predictions and empirical results on the ecology of polydomy, and the impact of polydomy on social evolution and investment strategies, while carefully distinguishing monogynous from polygynous species. Finally, we propose a methodology for future studies and offer ideas about what remains to be done.

1 aDebout, G1 aSchatz, B1 aElias, M1 aMckey, D uhttps://antkey.myspecies.info/en/content/polydomy-ants-what-we-know-what-we-think-we-know-and-what-remains-be-done01644nas a2200145 4500008004100000245008300041210006900124260002100193300000900214490001000223520108500233100003001318700002501348856012501373 2010 eng d00aLista comentada de las hormigas (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) del norte de México0 aLista comentada de las hormigas Hymenoptera Formicidae del norte cFecha de Publica a9-360 v17(1)3 a

*[An annotated checklist of the ants of northern Mexico is presented based on material collected by NTP-80 traps in 43 localities during June & October of 2005, & literature records from the region. The list includes 290 species belonging to 57 genera in 9 subfamilies. The state with the high number of species is Baja California, with 161 known species. Ten species are reported for the first time in Mexico: Aphaenogaster huachucana crinimera Cole, 1953; Crematogaster cerasi (Fitch, 1854); Dorymyrmex bureni (Trager, 1988); D. elegans (Trager, 1988); D. flavopectus Smith, 1944; D. lipan Snelling, 1995; Myrmecocystus hammettensis Cole, 1938; Pheidole desertorum Wheeler, 1906; P. nuculiceps Wheeler, 1908, & P. soritis Wheeler, 1908. Table 2 lists species in the CZUG collection, including collections from NTP-80 traps in 43 localities during June & October of 2005. Table 3 lists the 35 species reported as new state records for Baja California, Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, Sonora, & Tamaulipas. Appendix 1 list morphospecies in the CZUG collection.]

1 aAlatorre-Bracamontes, C E1 aVásquez-Bolaños, M uhttps://antkey.myspecies.info/en/content/lista-comentada-de-las-hormigas-hymenoptera-formicidae-del-norte-de-m%C3%A9xico01942nas a2200133 4500008004100000245006100041210005800102300001200160490000700172520150700179100001201686700001801698856009201716 2008 eng d00aExotic ants in The Netherlands (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)0 aExotic ants in The Netherlands Hymenoptera Formicidae a121-1290 v683 a

*[Exotic ants in The Netherlands are examined, mainly based on interceptions by the Plant Protection Service, recent investigations in botanical gardens & zoos, & revision of collection material. A total of 76 species could be identified. At ports of entry, 39 species have been intercepted, that are not reported from any establishment in the country. Thirty-seven species got established indoors, 23 temporarily & 14 locally. Most frequently encountered is Monomorium pharaonis, followed by Linepithema humile, Tapinoma melanocephalum, & Technomyrmex albipes. The latter is now the most common species in botanical gardens and zoos, where it replaced Paratrechina longicornis & L. humile. Many exotic species are temporary, due to pest control or environmental changes. Better hygiene in houses & increased pest control prevented local establishment in the last decades, despite the increasing number of introductions. Moreover, most exotics are poor colonizers & not able to settle and/or spread after arrival. Up till now, all these introductions did not have any influence on the outdoor ant fauna. The only exotics rarely encountered outdoors are Camponotus vagus, Crematogaster scutellaris, Plagiolepis taurica, & Lasius emarginatus. They settled locally & give no indication of spread to other locations.] In text & table 2, Myrmicinae misselled Myrmecinae. Leafcutter & fire ants are only quarantine interceptions or temporary infestations.

1 aBoer, P1 aVierbergen, B uhttps://antkey.myspecies.info/en/content/exotic-ants-netherlands-hymenoptera-formicidae