@article {3709,
	title = {Male fighting and "territoriality" within colonies of the ant <i>Cardiocondyla venustula</i>},
	journal = {Naturwissenschaften},
	volume = {96},
	year = {2009},
	note = {Part of FORMIS 09; from-DPW, },
	month = {January, Publish},
	pages = {159-163},
	abstract = {*[The ant genus Cardiocondyla is characterized by a bizarre male polymorphism with wingless fighter males \& winged disperser males.  Winged males have been lost convergently in several clades, \& in at least one of them, wingless males have evolved mutual tolerance.  To better understand the evolutionary pathways of reproductive tactics, we investigated Cardiocondyla venustula, a species, which in a phylogenetic analysis clusters with species with fighting \& species with mutually tolerant, wingless males.  Wingless males of C. venustula use their strong mandibles to kill freshly eclosed rival males \& also engage in short fights with other adult males, but in addition show a novel behavior hitherto not reported from social insect males: they spread out in the natal nest \& defend territories against other males.  Ant males therefore show a much larger variety of reproductive tactics than previously assumed.]},
	author = {Frohschammer, S. and Heinze, J.}
}
