02676nas a2200217 4500008004100000245014800041210006900189260002100258300001200279490000700291520198800298100001402286700001602300700001502316700001802331700001702349700001302366700001402379700001702393856004802410 2010 eng d00aAnt communities on small tropical islands: effects of island size and isolation are obscured by habitat disturbance and ‘tramp’ ant species0 aAnt communities on small tropical islands effects of island size cFebruary 2010; P a229-2360 v373 aComparisons among islands offer an opportunity to study effects of biotic and abiotic factors on small, replicated biological communities. Smaller population sizes on islands accelerate some ecological processes, which may decrease the time needed for perturbations to affect community composition. We surveyed ants on 18 small tropical islands to determine the effects of island size, isolation from the mainland, and habitat disturbance on ant community composition. Thousand Islands Archipelago (Indonesian name: Kepulauan Seribu) off Jakarta, West Java, Indonesia. Ants were sampled from the soil surface, leaf litter and vegetation in all habitat types on each island. Island size, isolation from the mainland, and land-use patterns were quantified using GIS software. The presence of settlements and of boat docks were used as indicators of anthropogenic disturbance. The richness of ant communities and non-tramp ant species on each island were analyzed in relation to the islands' physical characteristics and indicators of human disturbance. Forty-eight ant species from 5 subfamilies and 28 genera were recorded from the archipelago, and approximately 20% of the ant species were well-known human-commensal 'tramp' species. Islands with boat docks or human settlements had significantly more tramp species than did islands lacking these indicators of anthropogenic disturbance, and the diversity of non-tramp species decreased with habitat disturbance. Human disturbance on islands in the Thousand Islands Archipelago promotes the introduction and/or establishment of tramp species. Tramp species affect the composition of insular ant communities, and expected biogeographical patterns of ant richness are masked. The island with the greatest estimated species richness and the greatest number of unique ant species, Rambut Island, is a forested bird sanctuary, highlighting the importance of protected areas in preserving the diversity of species-rich invertebrate faunas.1 aRizali, A1 aLohman, D J1 aBuchori, D1 aPrasetyo, L B1 aTriwidodo, H1 aBos, M M1 aYamane, S1 aSchulze, C H uhttps://antkey.myspecies.info/id/node/2788002044nas a2200169 4500008004100000245013900041210006900180260002100249300001200270490000700282520139400289100001601683700001401699700001401713700001601727856013101743 2010 eng d00aSupercolony mosaics: two different invasions by the yellow crazy ant, Anoplolepis gracilipes, on Christmas Island, Indian Ocean0 aSupercolony mosaics two different invasions by the yellow crazy  cMarch 2010; Publ a677-6870 v123 aInvasive species are one of the main reasons for the ongoing global loss of biodiversity. Anoplolepis gracilipes is an invasive ant that has recently received significant attention due to its negative effect on the native fauna and flora of Christmas Island, Indian Ocean. This species has contributed to a drastic change in the structure of the Christmas Island rainforest through its negative impact on the island’s endemic red land crab, the dominant consumer on the islands forest floor. In this study, we investigate the population structure of A. gracilipes on Christmas Island in order to determine whether multiple introductions occurred on the island and how they correspond to known infestations. We genotyped 578 individuals collected from 50 nests across the Island. We identify two distinct subgroups in the population that represent two different supercolonies. These supercolonies are interspersed across the island, however both nuclear (microsatellites) and mitochondrial markers strongly suggest that there is no gene flow between the two colonies. Significant heterozygote excess within the entire sampling area, with all but one worker examined being heterozygous for all seven microsatellite loci, suggests an unusual reproductive system in these ants. Our results are consistent with recent sociogenetic findings in a population of A. gracilipes in Northern Borneo.1 aThomas, M L1 aBecker, K1 aAbbott, K1 aFeldhaar, H uhttps://antkey.myspecies.info/id/content/supercolony-mosaics-two-different-invasions-yellow-crazy-ant-ianoplolepis-gracilipesi02693nas a2200181 4500008004100000245004900041210004500090260001700135300001200152490000700164520218300171100001302354700001802367700001402385700001902399700001402418856007902432 2010 eng d00aThe worldwide expansion of the Argentine ant0 aworldwide expansion of the Argentine ant cJanuary 2010 a170-1860 v163 aThe aim of this study was to determine the number of successful establishments of the invasive Argentine ant outside native range and to see whether introduced supercolonies have resulted from single or multiple introductions. We also compared the genetic diversity of native versus introduced supercolonies to assess the size of the propagules (i.e. the number of founding individuals) at the origin of the introduced supercolonies. Global. We used mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) markers and microsatellite loci to study 39 supercolonies of the Argentine ant Linepithema humile covering both the native (n = 25) and introduced range (n = 14). Data from three mitochondrial genes and 13 nuclear microsatellites suggest that the introduced supercolonies studied originated from at least seven founding events out of the native area in Argentina (primary introductions). The distribution of mtDNA haplotypes also suggests that supercolonies in the introduced range each derive from a single source supercolony and that one of these source supercolonies has been particularly successful, being the basis of many introduced populations spread across the world. Comparison of the genetic diversity of supercolonies based on the five most diverse loci also revealed that native and introduced supercolonies have greatly overlapping ranges of diversity, although the genetic diversity is on average less in introduced than in native supercolonies. Both primary introductions (from the native range) and secondary introductions (from sites with established invasive supercolonies) were important in the global expansion of the Argentine ant. In combination with the similar social organization of colonies in the native and introduced range, this indicates that invasiveness did not evolve recently as a unique and historically contingent event (e.g. reduction of genetic diversity) in this species. Rather, native L. humile supercolonies have characteristics that make them pre-adapted to invade new - and in particular disturbed - habitats when given the opportunity. These results have important implications with regard to possible strategies to be used to control invasive ants.1 aVogel, V1 aPedersen, J S1 aGiraud, T1 aKrieger, M J B1 aKeller, L uhttps://antkey.myspecies.info/id/content/worldwide-expansion-argentine-ant01283nas a2200181 4500008004100000245006500041210006500106260002100171300001200192490001000204520071100214100001700925700001000942700001500952700001700967700001400984856010300998 2010 eng d00aNature versus nurture in social insect caste differentiation0 aNature versus nurture in social insect caste differentiation cAvailable online a275-2820 v25(5)3 a*[Recent evidence for genetic effects on royal & worker caste differentiation from diverse social insect taxa has put an end to the view that these phenotypes stem solely from a developmental switch controlled by environmental factors. Instead, the relative influences of genotypic & environmental effects on caste vary among species, ranging from largely environmentally controlled phenotypes to almost purely genetic systems. Disentangling the selective forces that generate variation for caste predisposition will require characterizing the genetic mechanisms underlying this variation, & identifying particular life-history strategies & kin structures associated with strong genetic effects on caste.]1 aSchwander, T1 aLo, N1 aBeekman, M1 aOldroyd, B P1 aKeller, L uhttps://antkey.myspecies.info/id/content/nature-versus-nurture-social-insect-caste-differentiation02255nas a2200133 4500008004100000245013200041210006900173260001700242300001000259490000700269520169700276100001501973856013301988 2010 eng d00aIntranidal mating, gyne polymorphism, polygyny, and supercoloniality as factors for sympatric and parapatric speciation in ants0 aIntranidal mating gyne polymorphism polygyny and supercolonialit cJanuary 2010 a33-400 v353 a1. The syndrome of intranidal mating, morpho-ethological gyne polymorphism, and polygyny is found in less than 5% of European ant species, but is considered as an important precondition for sympatric and parapatric speciation. 2. This idea is discussed in three cases that represent example of evolution below the species level: (1) the polygynous--polydomous form of Lasius turcicus as a model of how speciation of the supercolonial Lasius neglectus could have taken place; (2) the microgyne form of Myrmica rubra as a model for sympatric speciation of socially parasitic species; and (3) hybridization and rapid genotype selection in supercolonial wood ants of the Formica rufa group as a model for hybrid speciation. 3. The first step of the evolutionary scenario is transition to polygyny followed by development of morpho-ethological gyne polymorphism: smaller gynes with weaker wing muscles and body reserves shift to intranidal mating and reduce dispersal flight, while larger gynes with bigger wing muscles and body reserves retain nuptial and dispersal flight. This scenario leads to mating place separation and facilitates further genotype divergence. 4. There is much less gene flow between conspecific supercolonies of Formica rufa group ants with dominance of intranidal or intracolonial mating than between conspecific monogynous colonies performing a nuptial flight. If two supercolonial species occasionally hybridize and if landscape structure provides some isolation of the resulting hybrid supercolony, very strong selection for genotypes takes place within this cohesive system of thousands of reproductive females eventually leading to novel genotypes and new species.1 aSeifert, B uhttps://antkey.myspecies.info/id/content/intranidal-mating-gyne-polymorphism-polygyny-and-supercoloniality-factors-sympatric-and01626nas a2200169 4500008004100000245010800041210006900149260002100218300001000239490000600249520100000255100001401255700001901269700001701288700001601305856013501321 2010 eng d00aGynandromorphs and intersexes: potential to understand the mechanism of sex determination in arthropods0 aGynandromorphs and intersexes potential to understand the mechan cPublication date a63-960 v33 a*[Arthropods are sexually dimorphic. An arthropod individual usually differentiates into a male or a female. With very low frequencies, however, individuals with both male & female morphological characters have repeatedly been found in natural & laboratory populations of arthropods. Gynandromorphs (i.e., sexual mosaics) are genetically chimeric individuals consisting of male & female tissues. On the other hand, intersexes are genetically uniform (i.e., complete male, complete female or intermediate in every tissue), but all or some parts of their tissues have either a sexual phenotype opposite to their genetic sex or an intermediate sexual phenotype. Possible developmental processes (e.g., double fertilization of a binucleate egg, loss of a sex chromosome or upregulation /downregulation of sex-determining genes) & causal factors (e.g., mutations, genetic incompatibilities, temperatures or endosymbionts) for the generation of gynandromorphs & intersexes are reviewed & discussed]1 aNarita, S1 aPereira, R A S1 aKjellberg, F1 aKageyama, D uhttps://antkey.myspecies.info/id/content/gynandromorphs-and-intersexes-potential-understand-mechanism-sex-determination-arthropods03785nas a2200169 4500008004100000245001600041210001600057300001200073490000900085520338600094100001703480700001703497700001503514700001503529700001403544856005703558 2010 eng d00aHymenoptera0 aHymenoptera a669-7760 v4(2)3 a*[We present the first review of Hymenoptera alien to Europe. Our study revealed that nearly 300 species of Hymenoptera belonging to 30 families have been introduced to Europe. This ranks Hymenoptera third following Coleoptera & Hemiptera, in terms of alien species diversity within invertebrate orders. Two third of alien Hymenoptera are parasitoids or hyperparasitoids that were mostly introduced for biological control purposes. Only 35 phytophagous species, 47 predator species & 3 species of pollinators have been introduced. Six families of wasps (Aphelinidae, Encyrtidae, Eulophidae, Braconidae, Torymidae, Pteromalidae) & ants (Formicidae) represent about 80% of the alien Hymenoptera introduced to Europe. The 3 most diverse families are Aphelinidae (60 species = 32% of the Aphelinid European fauna), Encyrtidae (55), & Formicidae (42), while the Chalcidoidea together represents 2/3 of the total Hymenoptera species introduced to Europe. There are numerous cases of Hymenoptera introduced from one part of Europe to another, especially from continental Europe to British Islands. The number of new records of alien Hymenoptera per year has shown an exponential increase during the last 200 years. The number of alien species introduced by year reached a maximum of 5 species per year between 1975 & 2000. North America provided the greatest part of the hymenopteran species alien to Europe (96 species, 35.3%), followed by Asia (84 species, 30.9%), & Africa (49 species, 18%). Three Mediterranean countries (only continental parts) hosted the largest number of alien Hymenoptera: Italy (144 spp.), France (111 spp.), & Spain (90 spp.), but no correlation was found with the area of countries. Seven species of Formicidae appear widely distributed in Europe: Hypoponerapunctatissima (31 countries), Lasius neglectus (10), L. turcicus (15), Linepithema humile (17), Monomorium pharaonis (23), Paratrechina longicornis (13), & Pheidole megacephala (14). Intentional introduction, mostly for biological control, has been the main pathway of introduction for Hymenoptera. Consequently, the most invaded habitats are agricultural & horticultural as well as greenhouses. To the contrary, Hymenoptera alien in Europe are mostly associated with woodland & forest habitats. Ecological & economic impacts of alien Hymenoptera have been poorly studied. Ants have probably displaced native species and this is also true for introduced parasitoids, but reliable examples are still scarce. The cost of these impacts has never been estimated.]References p. 690-724. Table 12.1 Hymenoptera species alien to Europe. List and characteristics. Status: A: Alien to Europe; C: cryptogenic species. Country codes abbreviations refer toISO 3166 (see appendix I). Habitat abbreviations refer to EUNIS (see appendix II). Last update 01/03/2010, p. 725-758. Table 12.2. Hymenoptera species alien in Europe. List and characteristics. Country codes abbreviations refer to ISO 3166 (see appendix I). Habitat abbreviationsrefer to EUNIS (see appendix II). Last update 01/03/2010; p. 759-765. Table 12.3. Number of alien Hymenoptera per European countries, p. 766. Alternate citation: Rasplus J-Y et al. (2010) Hymenoptera. Chapter 12. In: Roques A et al. (Eds) Arthropod invasions in Europe.BioRisk 4(2): 669-776. Abbreviations and glossary of technical terms used in the book.1 aRasplus, J Y1 aVillemant, C1 aPaiva, M R1 aDelvare, G1 aRoques, A uhttps://antkey.myspecies.info/id/content/hymenoptera02240nas a2200157 4500008004100000245008100041210006900122260002100191300001000212490001800222520167200240100002201912700001501934700002101949856011201970 2010 eng d00aSpecies diversity and distribution patterns of the ants of Amazonian Ecuador0 aSpecies diversity and distribution patterns of the ants of Amazo cPublished: Octob a12 p.0 v5(10): e131463 a*[We comprehensively surveyed ant diversity in a lowland primary rainforest in Western Amazonia, Ecuador using canopy fogging, pitfall traps, baits, hand collecting, mini-Winkler devices, & subterranean probes to sample ants. A total of 489 ant species comprising 64 genera in 9 subfamilies were identified from samples collected in only 0.16 square kilometers. The most species-rich genera were Camponotus, Pheidole, Pseudomyrmex, Pachycondyla, Brachymyrmex, & Crematogaster. Camponotus & Pseudomyrmex were most diverse in the canopy, while Pheidole was most diverse on the ground. The most abundant ground-dwelling ant genera were Pheidole, Solenopsis, & Pyramica. Crematogaster carinata was the most abundant ant species in the canopy, Wasmannia auropunctata was most abundant species on the ground, & the army ant Labidus coecus was the most abundant subterranean species. Ant species composition among strata was significantly different: 80% of species were found in only one stratum, 17% in 2 strata, & 3% in all 3 strata. Elevation & the number of logs & twigs available as nest sites were significant predictors of ground-dwelling ant species richness. Canopy species richness was not correlated with any ecological variable measured. Subterranean species richness was negatively correlated with depth in the soil. When ant species were categorized using a functional group matrix based on diet, nest-site preference, & foraging ecology, the greatest diversity was found in Omnivorous Canopy Nesters. Our study indicates ant species richness is exceptionally high at Tiputini. We project 647-736 ant species in this global hotspot of biodiversity.]1 aRyder Wilkie, K T1 aMertl, A L1 aTraniello, J F A uhttps://antkey.myspecies.info/id/content/species-diversity-and-distribution-patterns-ants-amazonian-ecuador00539nas a2200133 4500008004100000020001300041245010300054210006900157260001400226300001200240490000700252100001700259856012900276 2010 eng d a0076943600aCamponotus planatus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), an exotic carpenter ant found in Mississippi0 aiCamponotus planatusi Hymenoptera Formicidae an exotic carpenter c2012/6/6/ a187-1880 v551 aMacGown, Joe uhttps://antkey.myspecies.info/id/content/icamponotus-planatusi-hymenoptera-formicidae-exotic-carpenter-ant-found-mississippi00560nas a2200133 4500008004100000245010700041210006900148260002100217300001000238490000700248100002000255700001500275856013600290 2010 eng d00aNatural history and phylogeny of the fungus-farming ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae: Attini)0 aNatural history and phylogeny of the fungusfarming ants Hymenopt cApril; 27 Novemb a37-550 v131 aMehdiabadi, N J1 aSchultz, R uhttps://antkey.myspecies.info/id/content/natural-history-and-phylogeny-fungus-farming-ants-hymenoptera-formicidae-myrmicinae-attini02542nas a2200145 4500008004100000245015600041210006900197260002100266300001400287490000700301520192000308100001802228700001402246856013602260 2010 eng d00aYellow crazy ant (Anoplolepis gracilipes) invasions within undisturbed mainland Australian habitats: no support for biotic resistance hypothesis0 aYellow crazy ant iAnoplolepis gracilipesi invasions within undis cSept. 2010; Publ a3093-31080 v123 aAnts are highly successful invaders, especially on islands, yet undisturbed mainland environments often do not contain invasive ants, and this observation is largely attributed to biotic resistance. An exception is the incursion of Yellow crazy ant Anoplolepis gracilipes within northeast Arnhem Land. The existence of A. gracilipes within this landscape’s intact environments containing highly competitive ant communities indicates that biotic resistance is not a terminally inhibitory factor mediating this ant’s distribution at the regional scale. We test whether biotic resistance may still operate at a more local scale by assessing whether ecological impacts are proportional to habitat suitability for A. gracilipes, as well as to the competitiveness of the invaded ant community. The abundance and species richness of native ants were consistently greater in uninfested than infested plots but the magnitude of the impacts did not differ between habitats. The abundance and ordinal richness of other macro-invertebrates were consistently lower in infested plots in all habitats. A significant negative relationship was found for native ant abundance and A. gracilipes abundance. No relationships were found between A. gracilipes abundance and any measure of other macro-invertebrates. The relative contribution of small ants (<2.5 mm) to total abundance and relative species richness was always greater in infested sites coinciding with a reduction of the contribution of the larger size classes. Differences in the relative abundance of ant functional groups between infested and uninfested sites reflected impacts according to ant size classes and ecology. The widespread scale of these incursions and non-differential level of impacts among the habitats, irrespective of native ant community competitiveness and abiotic suitability to A. gracilipes, does not support the biotic resistance hypothesis.1 aHoffmann, B D1 aSaul, W C uhttps://antkey.myspecies.info/id/content/yellow-crazy-ant-ianoplolepis-gracilipesi-invasions-within-undisturbed-mainland-australian01673nas a2200157 4500008004100000245009700041210006900138260001500207300001000222490000700232520110700239100001401346700001501360700001501375856012501390 2010 eng d00aAnts and plants with extrafloral nectaries in fire successional habitats on Andros (Bahamas)0 aAnts and plants with extrafloral nectaries in fire successional  cMarch 2010 a89-990 v933 aHoney baits were used to assess the activity and abundance of nectar-drinking ants in fire successional habitats of rocklands on Andros Island, Bahamas. Vegetation was sampled in pineyard and coppice habitats (the same communities as Florida's pine rocklands and hammocks), revealing a larger proportion of taxa with extrafloral nectaries in coppice samples, but roughly equivalent cover of plants with extrafloral nectaries in pineyard and coppice vegetation. Ant activity was greater in pineyard than in coppice habitats, with time to discovery of baits the shortest in open and recently burned pineyards, and most of the baits experiencing recruitment of ants. Overgrown pineyards and coppices both had longer time-to-discovery and much less recruitment to baits; coppice edges, more variable, were not significantly different from either of the 2 other habitat groups. Our preliminary study revealed some new records of plant genera and species with extrafloral nectaries, but all ants we observed at nectaries and on baits are also known from pine rocklands and hardwood hammocks of south Florida.1 aKoptur, S1 aPascale, W1 aZuriany, O uhttps://antkey.myspecies.info/id/content/ants-and-plants-extrafloral-nectaries-fire-successional-habitats-andros-bahamas00969nas a2200133 4500008004100000245005600041210005600097260002100153300001000174490000700184520053200191100001800723856009400741 2010 eng d00aInsect biodiversity and conservation in Australasia0 aInsect biodiversity and conservation in Australasia cVolume publicati a55-750 v553 a

*[Australasia, which consists of Australia and the adjacent islands of the southwestern Pacific Ocean, has an insect diversity approximately proportional to the land mass. This diversity is distinctive, with some major groups missing and others having radiated. Conservation of Australasian entomological biodiversity is an increasing challenge for contemporary scientists. There are 1275 described species & subspecies (103) of Formicidae in Australia. Ants dominate ecologically in all but tropical rainforests.]

1 aCranston, P S uhttps://antkey.myspecies.info/id/content/insect-biodiversity-and-conservation-australasia01644nas a2200145 4500008004100000245008300041210006900124260002100193300000900214490001000223520108500233100003001318700002501348856012501373 2010 eng d00aLista comentada de las hormigas (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) del norte de México0 aLista comentada de las hormigas Hymenoptera Formicidae del norte cFecha de Publica a9-360 v17(1)3 a

*[An annotated checklist of the ants of northern Mexico is presented based on material collected by NTP-80 traps in 43 localities during June & October of 2005, & literature records from the region. The list includes 290 species belonging to 57 genera in 9 subfamilies. The state with the high number of species is Baja California, with 161 known species. Ten species are reported for the first time in Mexico: Aphaenogaster huachucana crinimera Cole, 1953; Crematogaster cerasi (Fitch, 1854); Dorymyrmex bureni (Trager, 1988); D. elegans (Trager, 1988); D. flavopectus Smith, 1944; D. lipan Snelling, 1995; Myrmecocystus hammettensis Cole, 1938; Pheidole desertorum Wheeler, 1906; P. nuculiceps Wheeler, 1908, & P. soritis Wheeler, 1908. Table 2 lists species in the CZUG collection, including collections from NTP-80 traps in 43 localities during June & October of 2005. Table 3 lists the 35 species reported as new state records for Baja California, Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, Sonora, & Tamaulipas. Appendix 1 list morphospecies in the CZUG collection.]

1 aAlatorre-Bracamontes, C E1 aVásquez-Bolaños, M uhttps://antkey.myspecies.info/id/content/lista-comentada-de-las-hormigas-hymenoptera-formicidae-del-norte-de-m%C3%A9xico