03443nas a2200289 4500008004100000022001400041245007300055210006900128260001600197300001200213490000800225520259100233653002402824653001902848653002302867653001802890653002102908653001402929653002502943653001802968653003202986100002103018700001903039700002103058700002203079856005203101 2015 eng d a1313-298900aIntroduced Pheidole of the world: taxonomy, biology and distribution0 aIntroduced Pheidole of the world taxonomy biology and distributi cSep-12-2015 a1 - 1090 v5433 a

The objective of this study is to provide a detailed taxonomic resource for identifying and studying ants in the genus Pheidole that have established beyond their native ranges. There is an increasing need for systematists to study taxa of specific concern to 21st century environmental, food security and public health challenges. Systematics has an important role to play in both the theoretical and applied disciplines of invasion biology. Few invaders impact terrestrial ecosystems more than ants. Among the world’s 100 worst invasive species is the cosmopolitan and highly destructive Pheidole megacephala (Fabricius). Accurate identification of P. megacephala is imperative for the success of screening, management and eradication programs designed to protect native ecosystems from the impacts of this destructive species. However, accurate identification of Pheidole species is difficult because of their taxonomic diversity, dimorphic worker caste and lack of taxonomic resources. We include illustrated keys along with the taxonomic history, taxonomic diagnoses, biological notes and risk statements for the 14 most invasive members of the genus. Global distribution maps based on over 14,000 specimen and literature records are presented for each species. These results of this work will facilitate identification of pest species, determination of climatic and habitat requirements, discovery of pest origins, horizon scanning and assessment of invasion pathways. The following new synonym is proposed, with the senior synonym listed first and the junior synonyms in parentheses: Pheidole indica Mayr (= P. teneriffana Forel, and its synonyms P. taina Aguayo and P. voeltzkowii Forel). Pheidole navigans Forel stat. rev., stat. nov. is removed from synonymy and elevated to species rank. We propose that records of P. moerens Forel outside of the Mesoamerica and the Caribbean refer instead to P. navigans or other heterospecific taxa in the P. flavens species complex. We propose that the names P. anastasii Emery and P. floridana Emery have been widely misapplied to North American outdoor records of P. bilimeki Mayr. We propose that the synonymy of P. lauta Wheeler be transferred from P. floridana Emery to P. bilimeki Mayr.

10aapplied systematics10abig-headed ant10aidentification key10aInvasive ants10aInvasive species10aLucid key10aPheidole megacephala10aport of entry10aSpecies distribution models1 aSarnat, Eli, М.1 aFischer, Georg1 aGuénard, Benoit1 aEconomo, Evan, P. uhttp://zookeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=605002785nas a2200277 4500008004100000022001300041245010500054210006900159260001600228300001400244490000700258520198100265653000902246653001402255653001702269653002302286653001902309653001402328653001402342653001302356653001402369653002002383653001502403100002302418856006602441 2008 eng d a1055790300aUnraveling the evolutionary history of the hyperdiverse ant genus Pheidole (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)0 aUnraveling the evolutionary history of the hyperdiverse ant genu cJan-07-2008 a224 - 2390 v483 a

Pheidole is currently the most species rich genus of ants in the world, with many taxa still awaiting description. In this study, I reconstruct the phylogeny of Pheidole using molecular characters from three mitochondrial genes and two nuclear genes for ∼140 species. The phylogenetic relationships of Pheidole are investigated with special interest in understanding factors that may have led to their remarkable diversity. The results presented here establish a framework for understanding the explosive radiation of this group by providing (1) a phylogenetic estimate, and (2) a comparative analysis of life history traits that are likely to have been important in the diversification of the group. In all analyses, Pheidole is recovered as a monophyletic lineage, and molecular clock estimates infer an age of 58.4–61.2 million years ago (Ma) for crown group members of the genus. Using an estimate of diversification rate, it appears that Pheidole has undergone 0.108–0.103 speciation events per million years. Previous hypotheses of species groups were largely not upheld in the analyses presented here. Workers of the genus Pheidole are dimorphic with a minor and major (soldier) subcaste. A third subcaste of super majors is known in eight species of Pheidole and this trait was found to have arisen multiple times throughout the phylogeny. Seed harvesting is common among species of the genus and is thought to be one of the factors leading to the diversification of the group, but additional data will be required to further test this hypothesis. To address biogeographic questions on the origin of the genus, both New and Old World species were included in these analyses, and the results suggest that Pheidole is New World in origin with a possible single introduction into the Old World.

10aAnts10aDimorphic10aHyperdiverse10aHypothesis testing10aKey innovation10aNew World10aOld World10aPheidole10aPhylogeny10aSeed harvesting10aTrimorphic1 aMoreau, Corrie, S. uhttp://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S105579030800060200404nam a2200109 4500008004100000245006600041210006400107260004400171300001500215100001600230856004800246 2003 eng d00aPheidole of the New World: A dominant, hyperdiverse ant genus0 aPheidole of the New World A dominant hyperdiverse ant genus aCambridge, MAbHarvard University Press a[ix] + 7941 aWilson, E O uhttps://antkey.myspecies.info/th/node/3349200252nas a2200097 4500008004100000245002500041210002400066490000900090100002000099856003500119 2012 eng d00aAntweb. Ants of Ohio0 aAntweb Ants of Ohio0 v20121 aIvanov, Kaloyan uhttp://www.antweb.org/ohio.jsp01644nas a2200145 4500008004100000245008300041210006900124260002100193300000900214490001000223520108500233100003001318700002501348856012501373 2010 eng d00aLista comentada de las hormigas (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) del norte de México0 aLista comentada de las hormigas Hymenoptera Formicidae del norte cFecha de Publica a9-360 v17(1)3 a

*[An annotated checklist of the ants of northern Mexico is presented based on material collected by NTP-80 traps in 43 localities during June & October of 2005, & literature records from the region. The list includes 290 species belonging to 57 genera in 9 subfamilies. The state with the high number of species is Baja California, with 161 known species. Ten species are reported for the first time in Mexico: Aphaenogaster huachucana crinimera Cole, 1953; Crematogaster cerasi (Fitch, 1854); Dorymyrmex bureni (Trager, 1988); D. elegans (Trager, 1988); D. flavopectus Smith, 1944; D. lipan Snelling, 1995; Myrmecocystus hammettensis Cole, 1938; Pheidole desertorum Wheeler, 1906; P. nuculiceps Wheeler, 1908, & P. soritis Wheeler, 1908. Table 2 lists species in the CZUG collection, including collections from NTP-80 traps in 43 localities during June & October of 2005. Table 3 lists the 35 species reported as new state records for Baja California, Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, Sonora, & Tamaulipas. Appendix 1 list morphospecies in the CZUG collection.]

1 aAlatorre-Bracamontes, C E1 aVásquez-Bolaños, M uhttps://antkey.myspecies.info/th/content/lista-comentada-de-las-hormigas-hymenoptera-formicidae-del-norte-de-m%C3%A9xico