Brachyponera chinensis (Emery, 1895)

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Taxonomic History:
Ponera nigrita subsp. chinensis Emery, 1895m: 460 (w.) CHINA. AntCat AntWiki

Taxonomic history

Wheeler, 1921c PDF: 530 (q.); Ogata, 1987a PDF: 116 (m.); Wheeler & Wheeler, 1986c PDF: 88 (l.); Imai & Kubota, 1972 PDF: 194 (k., misspelled as Pachycondyla sinensis).
Combination in Euponera (Brachyponera): Emery, 1909d PDF: 367; in Brachyponera: Brown, 1958h: 22; in Pachycondyla: Brown, in Bolton, 1995b: 304.
Junior synonym of Pachycondyla solitaria Smith, 1874b PDF: 404 [Junior primary homonym of Pachycondyla solitaria Smith, 1860b PDF: 103.] and hence first available replacement name: Brown, 1958h: 22.
See also: MacKay & MacKay, 2010 PDF: 247.
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สิทธิ์ของผู้ถือลิขสิทธิ์/ ผู้แต่งAntWeb
แหล่งที่มาhttp://www.antweb.org/description.do?genus=pachycondyla&name=chinensis&rank=species

Pachycondyla chinensis:

Brachyponera chinensis, or the Asian needle ant, is a ponerine ant native to areas of Japan and Asia.[1] The species can also be found in the United States.[2] Within the United States, it is an adventive and possibly invasive species. It is documented from Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Virginia. Unpublished records place it in Alabama and Tennessee.[3] The pest species is of growing concern due to ecological impacts on biodiversity[4] and medical risks to human health, via sting-induced anaphylaxis.[1] It prefers nesting in dark, damp areas in soil beneath stones, logs, stumps, and debris.[3]

Asian needle ants and Argentine ant (Linepithema humile) have been battling for territory in the U.S.[5]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b Mark P. Nelder, Eric S. Paysen, Patricia A. Zungoli & Eric P. Benson (2006). "Emergence of the introduced ant Pachycondyla chinensis (Formicidae: Ponerinae) as a public health threat in the southeastern United States". Journal of Medical Entomology 43 (5): 1094–1098. doi:10.1603/0022-2585(2006)43[1094:EOTIAP]2.0.CO;2. PMID 17017251. 
  2. ^ Joe MacGown. "Ants (Formicidae) of the southeastern United States". Mississippi Entomological Museum. Retrieved 18 April 2011. 
  3. ^ a b Pat Zungoli. "Asian needle ant, Pachycondyla chinensis (Emery)". Household & Structural Urban Entomology. Clemson University. Retrieved 18 April 2011. 
  4. ^ Benoit Guénard & Robert R. Dunn (2010). "A new (old), invasive ant in the hardwood forests of eastern North America and its potentially widespread impacts". PLoS ONE 5 (7): e11614. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0011614. PMC 2908120. PMID 20657769. 
  5. ^ Ants Misbehaving: Argentine and Asian Ants Battle for U.S. Dominance; "In a fierce battle for dominance, Asian needle ants are displacing other species and threatening U.S. ecosystems" May 5, 2013 Scientific American
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สิทธิ์ของผู้ถือลิขสิทธิ์/ ผู้แต่งWikipedia
แหล่งที่มาhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pachycondyla_chinensis&oldid=644516151

Diagnosis of worker among Antkey species. Antenna 12-segmented. Antennal scapes exceed posterior head margin. Anterior margin of clypeus not denticulate. Eyes medium to large (greater than 6 facets); situated distinctly below midline of head. Frontal lobes present. Clypeus with anterior margin flat to convex, but never forming a distinct triangle that projects anteriorly beyond the base of the mandibles. Mandibles triangular; with 7 teeth. Metanotum does not form a prominent convexity bordered by distinct suture lines. Hind tibia with both pectinate spur and simple spur. Tarsal claws lacking subapical tooth, hind coxae lacking dorsal spine. Waist 1-segmented. Petiole narrowly attached to gaster with conspicuous posterior face. Gaster armed with sting. Abdominal segment 4 lacking deep longitudinal furrows. Distinct constriction between abdominal segments 3+4. Color dark brown to black with paler appendages.

Pachycondyla chinensis is easily distinguished from species of Anochetus, Odontomachus and Leptogenys by its triangular mandibles. Among species of Hypoponera and Ponera that are introduced to or commonly intercepted in the United States, P. chinensis can be distinguished by its large eyes which are composed of more than 6 facets (versus 0–6), its mandibles which have exactly 7 teeth (versus more than 7), and by its hind tibia that has both a pectinate spur and simple spur (versus only a simple spur). These character states also separates P. chinensis from P. stigma, which has less than 6 eye facets and exactly 5 mandibular teeth.

การอนุญาตhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/
สิทธิ์ของผู้ถือลิขสิทธิ์/ ผู้แต่งEli Sarnat, Antkey
แหล่งที่มาhttp://antkey.org/node/32648

Statistics of barcoding coverage: Pachycondyla chinensis:

Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLDS) Stats
Public Records: 34
Specimens with Barcodes: 38
Species With Barcodes: 1

การอนุญาตhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
สิทธิ์ของผู้ถือลิขสิทธิ์/ ผู้แต่งSujeevan Ratnasingham, Paul D.N. Hebert, Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD)
แหล่งที่มาhttp://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/Taxbrowser_Taxonpage?taxid=224136

Barcode data: Pachycondyla chinensis:

The following is a representative barcode sequence, the centroid of all available sequences for this species. 

 
There are 34 barcode sequences available from BOLD and GenBank.  Below is a sequence of the barcode region Cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI or COX1) from a member of the species.  See the BOLD taxonomy browser for more complete information about this specimen and other sequences.
 

GBAH7036-10|GQ264556|Pachycondyla chinensis| ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------TTTATAATTGGAGGATTTGGAAATTATTTAGTACCTCTTATA---CTAGGATCACCAGATATAGCTTACCCACGTATAAATAATATAAGATTTTGACTTCTCCCCCCTTCTCTTCTTCTCTTAACATTTAGAAGACTAACTTATAGAGGAATTGGTACTGGATGAACTGTCTACCCCCCTCTATCTTCTAATATTTATCATAATGGATTTTCTACTGATTTTGGA---ATTTTCTCTCTTCATATTGCAGGTATATCTTCAATTATAGGAGCTATTAATTTTATTTCTACAATTTTAAATATACATCATAAAATATTATCAATTGATAAAATTCCCCTATTAGTTTGATCAATTTTAATTACCGCCATTCTTCTTCTTTTATCTTTACCTGTATTAGCTGGA---GCTATTACAATATTATTAACAGACCGTAACCTAAATACATCATTCTTTGATCCATCAGGAGGAGGAGATCCAATTTTATATCAACATTTATTTTGATTTTTTGGTCATCCTGAAGTCTATATTCTCATTCTTCCAGGATTTGGTTTAATTTCTCATATTATT------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
-- end --


Download FASTA File

การอนุญาตhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
สิทธิ์ของผู้ถือลิขสิทธิ์/ ผู้แต่งSujeevan Ratnasingham, Paul D.N. Hebert, Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD)
แหล่งที่มาhttp://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/Taxbrowser_Taxonpage?taxid=224136

Barcode data: Pachycondyla chinensis:

The following is a representative barcode sequence, the centroid of all available sequences for this species.


There are 34 barcode sequences available from BOLD and GenBank.

Below is a sequence of the barcode region Cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI or COX1) from a member of the species.

See the BOLD taxonomy browser for more complete information about this specimen and other sequences.

TTTATAATTGGAGGATTTGGAAATTATTTAGTACCTCTTATA---CTAGGATCACCAGATATAGCTTACCCACGTATAAATAATATAAGATTTTGACTTCTCCCCCCTTCTCTTCTTCTCTTAACATTTAGAAGACTAACTTATAGAGGAATTGGTACTGGATGAACTGTCTACCCCCCTCTATCTTCTAATATTTATCATAATGGATTTTCTACTGATTTTGGA---ATTTTCTCTCTTCATATTGCAGGTATATCTTCAATTATAGGAGCTATTAATTTTATTTCTACAATTTTAAATATACATCATAAAATATTATCAATTGATAAAATTCCCCTATTAGTTTGATCAATTTTAATTACCGCCATTCTTCTTCTTTTATCTTTACCTGTATTAGCTGGA---GCTATTACAATATTATTAACAGACCGTAACCTAAATACATCATTCTTTGATCCATCAGGAGGAGGAGATCCAATTTTATATCAACATTTATTTTGATTTTTTGGTCATCCTGAAGTCTATATTCTCATTCTTCCAGGATTTGGTTTAATTTCTCATATTATT
-- end --


Download FASTA File

การอนุญาตhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
สิทธิ์ของผู้ถือลิขสิทธิ์/ ผู้แต่งSujeevan Ratnasingham, Paul D.N. Hebert, Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD)
แหล่งที่มาhttp://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/Taxbrowser_Taxonpage?taxid=224136

Native range. North Temperate to subtropical Asia.
Introduced range. Southeastern United States.

การอนุญาตhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/
สิทธิ์ของผู้ถือลิขสิทธิ์/ ผู้แต่งEli Sarnat, Antkey
แหล่งที่มาhttp://antkey.org/node/32648

Diagnosis of worker among Antkey species. Antenna 12-segmented. Antennal scapes exceed posterior head margin. Anterior margin of clypeus not denticulate. Eyes medium to large (greater than 6 facets); situated distinctly below midline of head. Frontal lobes present. Clypeus with anterior margin flat to convex, but never forming a distinct triangle that projects anteriorly beyond the base of the mandibles. Mandibles triangular; with 7 teeth. Metanotum does not form a prominent convexity bordered by distinct suture lines. Hind tibia with both pectinate spur and simple spur. Tarsal claws lacking subapical tooth, hind coxae lacking dorsal spine. Waist 1-segmented. Petiole narrowly attached to gaster with conspicuous posterior face. Gaster armed with sting. Abdominal segment 4 lacking deep longitudinal furrows. Distinct constriction between abdominal segments 3+4. Color dark brown to black with paler appendages.

Pachycondyla chinensis is easily distinguished from species of Anochetus, Odontomachus and Leptogenys by its triangular mandibles. Among species of Hypoponera and Ponera that are introduced to or commonly intercepted in the United States, P. chinensis can be distinguished by its large eyes which are composed of more than 6 facets (versus 0–6), its mandibles which have exactly 7 teeth (versus more than 7), and by its hind tibia that has both a pectinate spur and simple spur (versus only a simple spur). These character states also separates P. chinensis from P. stigma, which has less than 6 eye facets and exactly 5 mandibular teeth.

การอนุญาตhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/
สิทธิ์ของผู้ถือลิขสิทธิ์/ ผู้แต่งEli Sarnat, Antkey
แหล่งที่มาhttp://antkey.org/content/pachycondyla-chinensis-3

Pachycondyla chinensis is a significant and emerging pest in the southeastern United States. 

การอนุญาตhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/
สิทธิ์ของผู้ถือลิขสิทธิ์/ ผู้แต่งEli Sarnat, Antkey
แหล่งที่มาhttp://antkey.org/node/32648
Scratchpads developed and conceived by (alphabetical): Ed Baker, Katherine Bouton Alice Heaton Dimitris Koureas, Laurence Livermore, Dave Roberts, Simon Rycroft, Ben Scott, Vince Smith