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*[Males of the myrmicine ant Cardiocondyla obscurior Wheeler are either wingless, ergatoid fighters, or winged, peaceful dispersers. Collection, of 124 colonies from Bahia, Brazil, between January 2003 & January 2004, revealed that ergatoid males & a few female sexuals were produced throughout the year. Female sexual production peaked in April 2003, & was followed by a significant decline in colony size, presumably due to colony fragmentation or budding. Not a single winged male was found, suggesting that in this population, they are indeed reared only under particularly stressful conditions, as previously observed in the laboratory.]